Which action is NOT associated with covert operations?

The action that is not associated with covert operations is communicating openly. Covert operations are characterized by stealth and secrecy, aiming to achieve objectives without the knowledge of the target or the general public. The fundamental nature of such operations is to remain hidden from view, which directly contrasts with open communication.

Gathering information secretly, manipulating data unnoticed, and infiltrating organizations all involve discreet tactics to collect intelligence or influence activities without drawing attention. These strategies rely on subterfuge and usually require a lack of transparency to be effective. Open communication would undermine the secrecy that is essential for the success of covert operations, highlighting why it is the correct choice in this context.