Which of the following is NOT typically associated with self-radicalization?

Self-radicalization refers to the process by which individuals come to adopt extremist beliefs and ideologies independently, often without direct involvement with a specific extremist group. The characteristics associated with self-radicalization include independently adopting extremist views, which signifies personal conviction rather than group influence. Online propaganda plays a significant role in the dissemination of extremist ideas, making it easier for individuals to find and engage with radical material without needing to be part of a group.

Isolation from mainstream society is another factor that can contribute to self-radicalization, as individuals who feel alienated may be more susceptible to extremist ideologies. In contrast, group influence typically involves direct social interaction and encouragement from like-minded individuals or organized groups promoting extremist beliefs, which does not align with the concept of self-radicalization. Therefore, among the options provided, group influence is the least associated with the phenomenon of self-radicalization.