Which principle is fundamental for determining whether information can be accessed?

The Need to Know Principle is fundamental for determining whether information can be accessed because it emphasizes that individuals should only have access to information necessary for the performance of their official duties. This principle serves as a critical safeguard in protecting sensitive information and ensuring that access is appropriately limited to minimize the risk of unauthorized disclosure. By adhering to this principle, organizations can better manage the distribution of sensitive information, enforcing a culture of responsibility and caution in information handling.

This principle aligns with the broader goals of counterintelligence efforts, which aim to prevent unauthorized access and protect national security interests. It ensures that even those with security clearances are not allowed indiscriminate access to all information—rather, their access must be justified by a legitimate need related to their role or task within the organization.